Whose Trust Counts?
Notes on the hidden architecture of financial exclusion — and why the question of who controls an account matters more than who opens one.
Financial inclusion is usually counted in accounts opened. But an account is not access, and access is not control.
The proxy problem
In much of urban and rural Ghana, a woman may hold an account that someone else operates on her behalf. The statistics record her as included. Her lived experience records something closer to dependence.
What trust actually does
Trust is the infrastructure underneath the infrastructure. Where formal guarantees are thin, people route around them through relationships — and those relationships carry their own asymmetries.
This is the thread I keep pulling on: not whether people are included, but whose trust the system is actually built to count.